A bizarre possibility in the Electoral College voting system is that a candidate may win the popular vote and still lose the election. For one thing, the weight of electoral votes do not represent the population of all states equally. For another, the "winner take all" apportionment of electoral votes in most states means that even if a candidate wins 49% of the state's votes, none of those votes are represented in the electoral count. Five times in US history, the winner of the presidential election did not get a majority of the nation's votes. 

In one case, the election of 1824, there were four leading candidates (all from the same party!), Andrew Jackson, John Quincy Adams, William H. Crawford, and Henry Clay. Jackson won more votes than the other three, but did not get enough electoral votes to secure the election. The decision was thrown into Congress, who chose John Quincy Adams. That election was enough to destroy the party, and Jackson was elected outright in 1828. Read about all five instances when the winner of the presidential election did not win the popular vote at Mental Floss. 

When a ventriloquist provides a voice for his dummy, the illusion works because you are focused on the dummy delivering the lines and you're not looking at the ventriloquist. In the age of video, you can go back and focus on the ventriloquist and see his/her lips moving. That's the way you should watch this compilation- focus on Peter Tork's lips, not who is actually speaking. 

Tork had a habit of mouthing lines that weren't his while shooting the sitcom The Monkees. According to comments at Metafilter, this is very common among beginning actors, because it helps with timing and catching your cue. The real trick is to learn how to keep up with memorized dialogue without moving your lips. As it is, we rarely see it because we focus on the actual speaker. 

OR... was Tork actually delivering all the lines in the show, while everyone else just moved their lips? We may never know. 

Although neither astronomers nor meteorologists can say for sure, the convergence of two phenomena could mean that the Aurora Borealis will be at its peak in March. First, there is the equinox. The vernal equinox is on Friday, March 20, when the angle of the earth sees the sun cross the equator, which doubles the chance of auroral activity. Second, the sun is still in its solar maximum, the peak of the sun's magnetic activity in an eleven-year cycles. The actual peak was last October, but it is a months-long maximum. 

So when an equinox occurs during a solar maximum, the aurora lights up the sky more spectacularly than ever. Will the Northern Lights be visible further south than usual? We don't know, but if you were ever planning to travel to the higher latitudes to see the lights, now would be a good time to do so. LiveScience explains the phenomena that make it happen. -via kottke 

(Image credit: United States Air Force/Senior Airman Joshua Strang)

Ancient anatomists knew about the pancreas. Not only did we butcher animals long before we had writing, but humans were also studied after death. Still, they didn't know what the organ was for- maybe it was just padding between other organs. German anatomist Johann Wirsung made a discovery about the inner workings of the pancreas, and he was shot and killed for his efforts! 

But that was not the last of the violence involving research on the pancreas. As medical science advanced, we learned that the pancreas secreted digestive fluids that contained insulin, necessary for regulating carbohydrates in the body. Could we make insulin ourselves to help people with diabetes? Yes, but it would take a team of great minds to accomplish that, and those minds did not get along with each other. Over hundreds of years, scientists studying the pancreas fought over who would get credit for medical breakthroughs, leaving the pancreas with a soap opera of human egos surrounding it.  

We are all familiar with the tendency of medical professionals to dismiss a woman's pain. There are several reasons for this, and one of them may be that women on average report pain for a longer period after an injury than men do. Research shows that this is a real physical difference, and new research may explain why. 

Using studies on mice, scientists identified a molecule named interleukin-10 (IL-10), used by our immune systems, that will dampen pain on nerve receptors. Male mice produced more of the white cells that deliver IL-10, and recovered faster. The next question was why, and it turns out the answer is testosterone and other androgens. When they gave testosterone to female mice, or when they restricted it from male mice, the difference in recovery time disappeared. Read about this research, and how it may lead to new therapies for pain and healing at ZME Science. 

(Image credit: MissLunaRose12) 

One redditor refers to this novel airline seat design as the "Cheek Splitter 9000." /u/themondyone shares this photo from an older Boeing 737-800 operated by Japan Airlines. The text on the hump says, in English and Japanese, "Do Not Sit Here"--just in case the intention is unclear.

Various redditors claiming experience in aviation propose that the hump is there to take the seat out of use. Just putting a sign on the seat will not deter people from sitting there. This change is sometimes made to restrict the number of passengers that can travel or to make safety equipment easier for the crew to access.

The 1993 video game Doom was one of the earliest first-person shooter games and popularized the genre. It has become a hobby among eccentric engineers to play the game on unconventional platforms, such as a chainsaw, a rotary phone, and a cooking pot.

It was only a matter of time before the engineers started to go too far. Now, New Scientist reports, the Australian firm Cortical Labs has been able to run the game of Doom on human brain tissue.

In 2021, the company was able to recreate the vintage game Pong with human brain cells. That took enormous effort over a long period of time. Thanks to technological advancements, a programmer named Sean Cole was able to code the game with Python into the brain tissue in a short period of time.

Perhaps the next step will be to run Doom on a human brain still inside its standard casing. Such as yours.

-via Alyssa Hazel

Michael Koopmans is a Trekkie and dedicated collector of the most obscure and bizarre items of Star Trek merchandise. Yes, we are all familiar with the Spock helmet, an ongoing source of mirth on the internet for the past decade. But did you know about the Star Trek metal detector?

Yes, this is a real metal detector that has been branded as an authentic, licensed Star Trek tool with the application of a few decals. Now you can go metal detecting on the beach, just like Scotty must have done at some point.

In the 1970s, Alice Cooper burst onto the music scene with his shock rock about not liking school and not being a nice guy. He wore creepy makeup, brought snakes onstage, and worst of all, he had a woman's name! It was cool to like Cooper because it was subversive, but the songs were good, too. Some years later, it became clear that he was a serious musician who had a great hook for the time, and was a regular guy underneath the makeup. When he made enough money to move to a ritzy neighborhood, he became great friends and played golf with neighbors like Groucho Marx and Glen Campbell. 

Mike Erskine-Kellie relates a golf outing with Cooper in an animation from the point of view of a cranky old man who still sees him as the unholy demon singer that first grabbed the spotlight. Contains some NSFW language.  -via Nag on the Lake 

When you have a novel idea that could make you rich, you have to be ready for an expensive learning curve. Frederic Tudor came from a wealthy family, and was determined to make his idea work. Tudor grew up in New England, where the lakes and rivers froze solid in the winter. How much money could he make shipping that ice to the tropics? In 1806, the 23-year-old took advantage of empty ships going to pick up cargo from the Caribbean to send ice harveted from ponds at his father's farm. Most of it melted during the month-long trip, and he lost thousands of dollars. But Tudor persevered, experimenting with new ways to insulate the ice ...and lost more money, leading to debtor's prison. 

It took a few years and quite a few disastrous trips before Tudor started making money shipping ice, but he eventually turned a huge profit sending ice shipments to India, a voyage that took four months. The secret was building an infrastructure of ice houses and vendors, and in making customers desire ice that could keep their food from spoiling. Of course, once people demanded ice, technology was developed to produce it locally. But Frederic Tudor, the Ice King of Boston, grew rich by showing them what could be.  

Among the big names of the American Civil War, Wilmer McLean is pretty far down the list. You might not have ever heard of him. But his presence is found in the geography of the war. McLean was a wealthy man with a grocery store, a plantation, and a family. He was a staunch advocate for the Confederacy, and volunteered his home in Manassas, Virginia, on the banks of Bull Run Creek, as Confederate headquarters. You can guess what happened there- twice. McLean and his family bugged out two times while their home and property were ravaged in battle. Yet he grew richer still during wartime.   

After the second battle, McLean moved his family to a safer spot, in a village called Appomattox Court House. There, he once again learned what having the nicest house in town will get you. Weird History tells us of McLean's somewhat coincidental role in the Civil War. 
  

Women know that clothing sizes don't make any sense at all. Even if you are young and average, you have to try a garment on to know what size to purchase, because manufacturers set their own size standards. But it goes much further. You may have read that the average American woman is a size 14, but that doesn't tell the whole story. The median 15-year-old wears a women's size 10, while the median woman in her 20s wears a size 14, or large, and the median woman in her 30s wears a 16, or extra large. When you consider all women over age 20, the median size is 18. Yet many clothing brands only carry sizes up to 16. And that's before you figure in vanity sizing, height, or body shape. Most women are not shaped like an hourglass.   

Once upon a time, stores offered alterations, or you could find a local tailor. And many women could alter or even make their own clothing. Now, women outside the target customer range order clothing online, and the returns due to sizing are crowding our landfills. Read a deep dive (including interactive graphs) into the craziness of women's clothing sizes at The Pudding. -via Metafilter 

Michael "Pac-Man" Leroy Luther loved playing Pac-Man as a young man. He did it so much that, after his death in 2007, his family commissioned a gravestone with images from the classic arcade game. It stands atop his final resting place in Thetford Township Cemetery outside of Clio, Michigan.

Pac-Man lived a full life, having served 10 years in the US Air Force and then working for General Motors. He was married and had three children at the time of his passing.

You can view other photos of the grave taken by Graves with Grace, an Instagram account that photographs unusual graves.

Remember the first time you bought a hair dryer and saw a warning label that said "Do not use while bathing"? You had a good laugh and wondered who would ever need such a warning. Most bathrooms don't have an electrical outlet near the bath tub -for a reason. See, there's always someone with no common sense who will use a product in the most dangerous way possible, injure themselves, and sue the manufacturer for not warning you that you aren't supposed to eat fire logs, or that you have to unfold a folding chair, or that swallowing dry ice is dangerous. Manufacturers don't want to go through that again. 

Chill Dude Explains runs through ten product liability court cases that led to warning labels written by Captain Obvious. Most of them seem pretty dumb, but people did get hurt. The last one is correcting the record because the general public completely misunderstood the case. 

Hobby dogging takes its name from the hobby horse, which itself has spawned an eccentric sport. But in hobby dogging, participants lead imaginary dogs through real canine agility competition courses. This activity began in Germany with humor in mind, but has become at least semi-serious to participants who see it as a way to socialize and develop communication skills.

-via Aelfred the Great, who quips "Affection for commands, order, and training without anything as dirty and distressing as life, it’s the perfect German hobby."